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1 ἄλφι
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `barley-groats' (h. Cer. 208), pl. ἄλφιτα (Il.), from which the sg. ἄλφιτον, in Hom. only in ἀλφίτου ἀκτή.Etymology: One assumes a plural *ἄλφατα from an i-n-stem as in Skt. ásth-i, asth-n-ás `bone', on the basis of ἀλίφατα ἄλφιτα η ἄλευρα H. But i\/n-stems are doubtful, and ἀλίφατα has been read as *ἀληφατα (Latte; cf. DELG, who compares ἀλήφατον ἄνθος ἐλαίης Peek, Grab-Epigramme 1897; the form would have been derived from ἀλέω.) - ἄλφι can be identical with Alb. elb, -i `barley' (from. * albhi), s. Demiraj. Further origin uncertain; perhaps PIE * h₂(e)lbh-i. - Here also Turc. arpa `barley', perhaps from an Iran. * arbi, Vasmer Stud. alb. Wortforsch. I, 1921, 16ff. - ἄλφι is mostly connected with ἀλφός (cf. λεύκ' ἄλφιτα Σ 560); "wenig wahrscheinlich", Demiraj. S. EIEC 51 with Iranian forms. On the meaning Moritz Class. Quart. 43, 1949, 113ff.See also:.Page in Frisk: 1,81Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄλφι
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2 ἀλωή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `threshing-floor, garden' (Il.), also `halo' (around sun and moon) (Arat.); also `disk' of sun or moon, of a shield.Dialectal forms: Cypr. ἄλουα κῆποι H. (n. pl.?); Cypr. gen. alawo (= ἀλϜω?). Dor. αλος in Sicily, prob. from * alwo-.Compounds: μητρ-αλοίᾱς `matricide' (A.); Schwyzer 451: 4.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Maybe from *ἀλωϜη. ἅλως and the Cypr. forms might be from a hysterodynamic noun (type πάτρως) with nom. -ōu-s, acc. -ou-m̥, gen. - u-os; Beekes, Mnemosyne 24, 1972, 350-2. The root could be *sl̥(H)-. If Swed. lō is cognate, we might reconstruct * h₂(e)l-. Wrong Schwyzer 479:7: orig. `round', from PIE. u̯el(u)- `wind', which does not explain the Cyprian forms, nor the meaning `garden'. - Semantically we have prob. to think of a small piece of land near the farm, used for growing fruits and vegetables (garden) and for threshing; from threshing-floor \> disk \> halo; Ure, Class. Quart., 49, 1955, 255-230.Page in Frisk: 1,82-83Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλωή
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3 ἀπάτη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `fraud, deceit' (Il.); on the meaning s. Luther "Wahrheit" und "Lüge", esp. 97ff.Derivatives: ἀπατηλός `betrügerisch' (Il.), perh. from ἀπατάω (Chantr. Form. 241f.), with the metrical variant ἀπατήλιος (Od.). - Denom. ἀπατάω `deceive' (Il.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unknown. Kuiper ( Glotta 21, 283) connected ἠπεροπεύς explaining ἀπάτη \< *ἀπν̥-τᾱ from an r-n-stem *ἄπαρ, *ἀπνός. His further connection of ἰάπτω, ἴπτομαι is less convincing. Improbable is connection with πόντος, πάτος, Goth. finÞan (Pedersen Cinq. décl. lat. 65 A. 1, Moorhouse Class. Quart. 35, 93ff.). Wrong vW. Fur. 234f connected ἄτη \< *ἀϜα-τη, with substr. variation π\/F, which is at best possible. Attractive is his comparison with ἀπαφ-εῖν (for which the variant ἀποφ-εῖν shows substr. origins; s.v. ἀπαφίσκω), which has exactly the same meaning. If ἠπερ-οπ-εύω is cognate, note the suffix - οπ- which is also a substr. element (Beekes Glotta 73 (1995\/6) 18-25).Page in Frisk: 1,118Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀπάτη
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4 αὔω 2
αὔω 2.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `get a light, light a fire' (ε 490). On the meaning Borthwick, Class. Quart. 63 (1969) 296.Compounds: ἐν-αύω `kindle' (Hdt.); - ἐξ-αῦσαι ἐξελεῖν (H., Pl. Com.) mit ἐξαυστήρ `fire-tong, κρεάγρα' (A.); - κατ-αῦσαι καταντλῆσαι (cod. καταυλῆσαι), καταδῦσαι H.; also καθαῦσαι ἀφανίσαι H.. - Further πυραύστης m. `moth that gets singed in the candle' (A.), πυραύστρα f. `pair of fire-tongs', πύραυστρον n. `id.' (Herod., cod. πύραστρον), all from πῦρ αὔειν. - Also with analogical loss of σ, γοιν-αῦτις οἰνοχόη H.Etymology: The connection with fire seems secondary. Then αὔω may be from *αὔσω or *αὔσι̯ω, to ONo. ausa and Lat. hauriō (with secondary h-); the form would have pilosis. S. Schulze, Kl. Schr. 191 - S. also ἀφύσσω.Page in Frisk: 1,193Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αὔω 2
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5 δέω 2
δέω 2.Grammatical information: v.Other forms: δέομαι (Ion.-Att.), δεύω, δεύομαι (Aeol., ep. Il.), unpers. δεῖ, δεύει, aor. δεῆσαι, δεηθῆναι, ep. ἐδεύησεν (ι 483 = 540; δῆσεν Σ 100, if correct, innov. to δεῖ), fut. δευήσομαιDerivatives: δέησις `need, request' (Att.) with δεητικός (Arist.), δέημα `request' (Ar. Ach. 1059). To ἐπιδέω, - ομαι, ἐπιδεύομαι `need': ἐπιδεής, ἐπιδευής `in need of' (Schwyzer 513); to ἐνδέω, ἐνδεῖ, ἐνδέομαι `need': ἐνδεής (Ion.- Att.) with ἔνδεια (Att., \< *ἐνδέεια), ἐνδέημα (pap.).Etymology: δέω, δεύω can be from *δέϜ-ω, but probably also from *δεύσ-ω (on the phonetics Schwyzer 348). In the latter case we can connect directly Skt. doṣa- `lack' \< IE * douso-. ( δεύτερος, - τατος must then be innovations on δεύω etc.) (Uncertain Mayrhofer EWAia 1, 749 s.v. doṣ-.) Perhaps here δυσ-. Uncertain δηρός. - On δεῖ s. Goodell Class. Quart. 8, 91ff., Bernardette, Glotta 43 (1965) 285ff.Page in Frisk: 1,375-376Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δέω 2
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6 ἐτός 1
ἐτός 1.Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: only with negation οὑκ ἐτός `not in vain' (Att.); beside it ἐτώσιος adj. `useless, fruitless' (Il.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Though its formation is unclear (cf. Chantraine Formation 42, Schwyzer 466, Mezger Word 2, 229) ἐτώσιος for *Ϝετώσιος (rejected by Fay Class. Quart. 3, 273) is prob. an adjectivising enlargement of ἐτός (cf. περιώσιος beside περί), which stands for *Ϝετός and formally belongs to the adverbs in - τός ( ἐν-τός etc.). Further unclear; semantically near is Alb. hut `useless, empty, idle' \< IE * uto- (Jokl WienAkSb. 168: 1,31); Meillet MSL 8, 235f. and Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 2, 809 further adduce αὔτως as `idle, useless' (cf. s. αὑτός). After Ebel KZ 5, 69 (thus Prellwitz and Bartholomae WB.) however identical with Skt. svatáḥ, Av. xvatō `of itself' (IE *su̯e-tós), which seems possible in spite of the difference in meaning (`of itself' \> `withou outside cause'?).Page in Frisk: 1,582-583Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐτός 1
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7 ζυγόν
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `yoke' (Il.), also metaph., e. g. of a cross-wood, of the rowing benches connecting the two ship sides, of the tongue of a balance, of a pair, of a row or a rank of soldiers (oppos. στοῖχος), as land measure.Other forms: Hell. mostly - ός m., rarely earlier, s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 37.)Compounds: Often in compp., e. g. πολύ-ζυγος `with many rowing benches', ζυγό-δεσμον `yoke-straps' (Il.), also ζυγη-φόρος `carrying a yoke' (A., analog.-metr. beside ζυγο-φόρος; Schwyzer 439 n. 1).Derivatives: Seberal deriv.: 1. ζύγιον `rowing bench' (hell.). 2. ζυγίσκον meaning unclear (IG 22, 1549, 9, Eleusis, + 300a). 3. ζύγαινα the hammer-headed shark (Epich., Arist.; after the shape of the skull, Strömberg Fischnamen 35). 4. ζυγίς `thyme' (Dsc.; motivation of the name unknown, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56). 5. ζούγωνερ (= *ζύγωνες) βόες ἐργάται. Λάκωνες H. 6. ζυγίτης name of a rower (sch.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 44), f. ζυγῖτις Hera as goddess of marriage (Nicom. ap. Phot.; Redard 209). 7. ζυγία `maple' (Thphr.) prop. "yoke-wood" (s. Strömberg Theophrastea 114), because the hard maple was mainly used to make yokes (so even now in southern Italy), Rohlfs WB VI and 86; also Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 57, Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 1f.; diff. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56 (after the pairwise attached fruits). 8. ζύγαστρον `wooden cist, chest' s.v. σίγιστρον - Adject. 9. ζύγιος `belonging to the yoke etc.' (Att. etc.; also as nautical expression, s. Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 128ff.). 10. ζύγιμος `id.' (Plb.; s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 94). 11. ζυγικός `belonging to the tongue of a balance' (Nicom. Harm.). Adv. ζυγ-άδην (Ph.), ζυγ-ηδόν (Hld.) `pairwise'. - Denomin. verbs: 1. ζυγόω `yoke, connect (through a cross-wood), shut, hold the balance' (A., hell.) with ζύγωμα `bar, cross-rod' (Plb.), ζύγωσις `balancing' (hell.), *ζύγωθρον in the denomin. aor. ipv. ζυγώθρισον (Ar. Nu. 745; meaning uncertain, `weigh' or `shut'?). 2. ζυγέω `form a row or rank' (Plb.). - Beside ζυγόν as 2. member the verbal root - ζυξ, e. g. ἄ-ζυξ `unconnected, unmarried', ὁμό-, σύ-ζυξ `yoked together, connected' (also ἄ-, ὁμό-, σύ-ζυγος), s. Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 231f.Etymology: Old name of a device, retained in most IE languages, e. g. Hitt. iugan, Skt. yugám, Lat. iugum, Germ., e. g. Goth. juk, IE *i̯ugóm; more forms Pok. 509f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. iugum. - The root noun - ζυξ also in Lat. con-iux `spouse', Skt. a-yúj- `not forming a pair, uneven' (formally = ἄ-ζυξ except the accent), sa-yúj- `connected, companion' a. o. - Cf. ζεύγνυμι and ζεῦγος. Rix, Hist. Gramm. 60, 70 suggests Hi̯-, which is still uncertain.Page in Frisk: 1,615-616Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζυγόν
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8 θάλαμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `inside room at the back of a house' (as opposed to μέγαρον, δῶμα), as room for women and sleepingroom, also as room for provisions (Il.; on the meaning Wace JournofHellStud. 71, 203ff.), in mariners' language `the lowest deck of a ship' (Timae., Poll.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in θαλαμη-πόλος f., late m. `lady's-maid, -servant; eunuch' (Od.; - η- rhythmically conditioned, Schwyzer 438f.). - θαλάμη f. `lair, den, cavity of the body' (ε 432, E., Hp., Arist.), as nautical term = θάλαμος (Luc.): on θάλαμος θάλαμος - μη Porzig Satzinhalte 284.Derivatives: θαλαμιά `rowers shutter on the lowest deck of the ship' (Hdt. 5, 33), also `the oar at this deck' (Ar. Ach. 533, inscr.); cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 129, on the meaning Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 125ff.; with θαλαμίας m. `the rower in the θάλαμος or in the θαλαμιά' (Th. 4, 32, App., Them.), with this meaning also θαλάμᾱξ (Ar. Ra. 1074; Schwyzer 497, Chantraine Formation 381) and θαλαμίτης (sch. ad loc.). From θάλαμος still the rare θαλαμήϊος (Hes. Op. 807, A. R.), θαλαμαῖος (Ph.), θαλαμίς (An. Ox.) and the denominative θαλαμεύομαι, - εύω `being brought into the θάλαμος, take as wife' (Ph., Hld. u. a.) with θαλαμεύτρια = νυμφεύτρια (Poll.); θαλάμευμα = θάλαμος E. Ba. 120 (lyr.), cf. Chantraine Formation 185; θαλαμευτός (Tim. Pers. 245).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: reminds of θόλος (s. v.), further unknown; Pre-Greek origin is quite possible. Acc. to E. Maaß RhM 77, 1ff. also to θάλος, θαλλός; well-founded doubts in Wahrmann Glotta 19, 213. Pelasgian etymology in v. Windekens Le Pélasgique 88f.; diff. Haas Jb. f. kleinas. Forsch. 3, 129ff. - [Not to ὀφθαλμός, s. v.]- The structure of the word (CαC-αC-) is typically Pre-Greek; it can be cognate with θόλος (Fur. 342).Page in Frisk: 1,648Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θάλαμος
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9 θρᾶνος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `bench, supporting beams' (Att. a. hell. inschr., Ar.).Dialectal forms: Myc. ta-ra-nu.Derivatives: Diminutive θρανίον `id.' (Ar.) with θρανίδιον (Ar.); θρανίτης `rower of the upper of the three rows' (Th., Ar.; s. Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 128ff.), f. θρανῖτις ( κώπη; Attica), with θρανιτικός (Callix.); θρανίας m. (Marcell. Sid.), θρᾶνις or - ίς (Xenokr.) = ξιφίας, `swordfish', after the form of the upper jaw, cf. Thompson Fishes s. v. Denominative verb θρανεύω `to stretch to the tanner's board' (Ar. Eq. 369; θρανεύεται συντρίβεται H.) with ἀθράνευτον ἄστρωτον H. (= E. Fr. 569); to συν-θρανόω, θρανύσσω s. v. - Beside it θρῆνυς, - υος m. `footstool' (Hom.; cf. Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 8; Chantraine Formation 118; improbable Benveniste Origines 56), with secondary κ-enlargement (Chantraine 383, Schwyzer 496 n. 6) θρῆνυξ, - υκος (Euph.), θρᾶνυξ (Corinn.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: If νο- or. νυ- is a suffix, we can connect the aor. inf. θρή-σασθαι (only Philet. 14 [IV-IIIa]: θρήσασθαι πλατάνῳ γ\<ρ\> αίῃ ὕπο), usually rendered with `sit down'. But the original meaning must rather have been `support oneself (on)' v.t., if the word is cognate with θρόνος; θρᾶνος, θρῆνυς then "the support, the bearer". This analysis however is quite doubtful. The word is no doubt a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,678-679Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρᾶνος
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10 ἰδέα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `form, semblance, appearance, kind, sort, idea' (IA);Other forms: Ion. - έηEtymology: Verbal abstract of ἰδεῖν (s. v.); on the formation cf. ἀλέα `warmth of the sun' etc. in Chantr. Form. 91. - On the meaning s. P. Brommer, Εἶδος und ἰδέα, 1940; also H. Wersdörfer Die Φιλοσοφία des Isokrates, 1940, S. 43ff., Gillespie Class. Quart. 6, 179ff., Baldry ibd. 31, 141ff.Page in Frisk: 1,708Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰδέα
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11 ἴ̄δη
ἴ̄δηGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `wood, wooded hill' (Hdt., Theoc.).Other forms: Dor. (Theoc.) ἴδαDerivatives: As GN Ἴδη wooded hill in westerm Mysia (Il.) and on Crete (D. P., Paus.); from it Ἴδηθεν, Ίδαῖος (Il.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Pre-Greek word without further etymology. (Wrong Prellwitz Wb. and Fay Class. Quart. 11, 214f. to οἶδος `swelling' etc.)Page in Frisk: 1,709Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴ̄δη
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12 κελεύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `urge, drive on, exhort, command' (Il.).Derivatives: Derivv. also from prefixcompp. (here not esp. noted): κέλευ(σ)μα `exhortation, command' (IA.), also `call of the κελευστής', from where Rom. LW [loanword], e. g. Ital. ciurma, Fr. chiourme `the total of rowers of a ship' (vgl. Kahane Byz.-Neugriech. Jbb. 15, 97), κελευσμός (IA.), κελευσμοσύνη (Hdt.), κέλευσις (Att.) `id.' (on the analogical - σ- in κέλευσμα s. Schwyzer 773 and 761); κελευστής "driver", i. e. `master of the rowers' (Att.; on the meaning Richardson Class. Quart. 37, 55ff.); κελευστικός `exhorting' (Att.). Lengthned ptc.: κελευτιόων, - όωντε (- άων, - άοντε) `driving on' (Ν 125, Μ 265), example uncertain, vgl. Schwyzer 732 w. n. 5.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From κέλομαι `drive on, set in movement' with unexplained - ευ-, the same as in κέλευθος `road'? (on the meaning cf. Weg, be-wegen, and Luther Weltansicht und Geistesleben 28f.) and which may also occur in τελευ-τη. Improbable Fraenkel Mélanges Boisacq 1, 367ff.: κελεύω after κέλομαι for *κλεύω to *κλεῦσαι (to κλύω); gainst this Frisk GHÅ 56: 3, 8f.Page in Frisk: 1,816Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κελεύω
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13 κόρυς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `helmet' (Il.);Other forms: κόρυρ θριγκός H. (Lac.).Compounds: Compp. κορυθ-άϊξ `shaking the helmet' (Χ 132; cf. on ἀΐσσω), - αἰόλος `id.', mostly of Hector (Il., A. R.; accent after Hdn., Eust. with codd. Ven.; so conncted with αἰόλλω; cf. Frisk Eranos 38, 39 w. n. 2, also Bechtel Lex. s. v.), κορυθήκη f. `helm-case' (Delos IIa; haplology for κορυθο-θ.); τρί-κορυς `with triple plume' (E. Ba. 123, lyr.), also τρι-κόρυθος `id.' (E. Or. 1480); χαλκο-, ἱππο-κορυστής `with bronze resp. redhaired helmet' (Il.; - της metr. enlarging, s. Frisk l. c.).Derivatives: 1. Diminut. κορύθιον (Gloss.). 2. κορυστής m. `helm-bearer' (Il.). 3. κόρυθος εἷς τις τῶν τροχίλων, περικεφαλαία H.; to Κόρυ(ν)θος as surn. of Apollon s. below 4. κορύθων ἀλεκτρυών H. 5. κορυθάλη, - αλίς = εἰρεσιώνη, `maypole(?)' (EM) with Κορυθαλία surn. of Artemis near Sparta (Polem. Hist., H.; s. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 123 a. 490), also = κορυθάλη (H., Gloss.); with κορυθαλίστριαι αἱ χορεύουσαι τῃ̃ Κορυθαλίᾳ θεᾳ̃ H. (after the fem. in -( ί)στρια; vgl. Chantraine Formation 106). 6. Denomin. verb κορύσσω, - ομαι, aor. κορύσσασθαι (Il.), κορύξασθαι (Ath. 3, 127a; also Hp. Ep. 17?), ptc. perf. κεκορυθμένος (Il.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 434), verbal adj. κορυστός `heaped up', of full measure (Attica; κορυ\<σ\> τόν ἐπίμεστον H.), prop. `take a helmet', metaph. `raise high, rise', also in gen. `arm oneself' (Il.; Leumann Hom. Wörter 210, Erbse Herm. 81, 171). - Uncertain remains the judgement of Κόρυ(ν)θος surn. of Apollon in Messenia (inscr., Paus. 4, 34, 7); cf. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 106 w. n. 3, Hitzig-Blümner ad loc.); κορυνθεύς κόφινος, κάλαθος. ἀλεκτρυών (H.; cf. κορύθων ab.). - On κόρυς with derivv. Trümpy Fachausdrücke 40ff., Gray Class. Quart. 41, 114ff.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Mostly connected with κέρας, first to the old u-stem in κερα(Ϝ)-ός (s. v.); but the differences of meaning and the morphological details are not well explained; improbable. Chantraine Mélanges Glotz 165ff. considers therefore for κόρυς Mediterraneann origin (in the framework of the soc. `protidg. Schicht'); not to κορυφή, κόρυμβος, κόρυδος, κορύνη. The forms κορυδ-ών, - αλ(λ)-ος point to a Pre-Greek word (Fur. 195).Page in Frisk: 1,925-926Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόρυς
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14 κριθή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `barley-corns', usu. pl. `barley' (Il.); also metaph. = `pustule on the eyelid' (medic.; Strömberg Theophrastea 192, Wortstudien 63). On the meaning of κριθή, πυρός, σῖτος Moritz Class. Quart. 49 (N. S. 5) 129ff.Other forms: Short form κρῖ n., s. below.Compounds: Compp., e.g. κριθό-πυρον n. `mix of barley and wheat' (pap.; cf. on διόσπυρον), εὔκριθος `rich in barley' (Theoc., AP). --Derivatives: Diminut.: κριθίον (Luc., Longos), κριθίδιον, also `decoction of barley' (Hp., Posidon.), κριθάριον (pap.). Further substantives: κριθαία `barley-soup' (Hom. Epigr. 15,7; after ἁλμαία a.o., Chantraine Formation 86); κριθανίας m. name of a kind of wheat (Theophr. HP 8, 2, 3 beside σιτανίας; after νεανίας? Strömberg Theophrastea 91; s. also Chantraine 94). Adjectives: κρίθινος `of barley' (Ion., hell.), κριθάμινος `id.' (Polyaen.; after σησάμινος), κριθικός `consisting of barley' (pap.), κριθώδης `like barley, full of barley-corns' (Hp.). Denomin. verbs: κριθάω `feed oneself with barley' (A., S.), also κριθιάω (Arist.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω, Schwyzer 732) with κριθίασις `surfeit caused by over-feeding with barley' (X.); κριθίζω `feed with barley' (Aesop., Babr.). - GN Κριθώτη (- ωτή) name of a land-tongue in Acarnania (Krahe IF 48, 223ff.). Surname Κρίθων (H.) from κριθή = πόσθη (Ar. Pax 965); Schulze KZ 29, 263 = Kl. Schr. 308.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The enlarged form κριθ-ή points to an original root noun *κρῑθ, from where ep. κρῖ n. (Il.), only nom. a. acc. (cf. Egli Heteroklisie 12). - The attempts to connect κρῖ with the western words for `barley', Lat. hordeum, OHG gersta, which are in themeselves not quite clear, have not given a convincing result. The for hordeum and Gerste supposed basic forms, IE. *ghr̥zd(h)-, resp. * gherzd-, would have given Gr. *χραζ- or *χρασθ- \> *κρασθ-, resp. *χερδ- (*χερθ- \> *κερθ-). κρι agrees better with Alb. drith, -ë `barley, wheat', of which - ri- may come from IE. -r̥-. Also Arm. gari, gen. garwoy `wheat' (formally = IE. *ghr̥i̯o-) reminds of κρῖ; a similar word appears in Georgian, Grusin. qeri `barley', cf. Deeters IF 56, 140 f. Whether κρῖ goes back directly on an IE. basis, remains somewhat uncertain; perhaps we have to do with a Wanderwort. Also Egyptian origin has been considered (Schwyzer 61, Debrunner Eberts Reallex. 4, 525). -Attempts, to analyse κρι in Walde KZ 34, 528, Schwyzer 352; overtaken combinations in Wood Mod. Phil. 1, 240 (to OE grotan, Engl. groats), Persson Stud. 103. Details in Pok. 446, W.-Hofmann s. hordeum; cf Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 389, Porzig Gliederung 209. - So we stop at a (Pre-Greek?) form *krīt.Page in Frisk: 2,18-19Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κριθή
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15 κρότος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `beat of the feet, clapping of the hands, of rowers etc., noise, clapping, applause' (Att. etc.).Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. μονό-, δί-, τρί-κροτος `with one, two, three rows of rowers' (E., X., Plb.; Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 122 ff.), ἱππό-κροτος `beaten by horses, sounding from the beat of horses' (Pi., E.), ἀπό-κροτος `beaten hard' (Th., X.).Derivatives: κροτέω, also with preflx, esp. συν-, in diverse meanings, `rattle (make), beat, stamp' (O 453, IA.) with κρότημα (S., E.), - ησμός (A. Th. 561, after ὀρχησμός? Chantraine Formation 141), - ησις ([Pl.] Ax., Ph. Bel.), - ητικός (Dosith.). - κρόταλα n. pl. `clapper, castanets' (h. Hom., Pi., Hdt.), sg. metaph. `boaster' (Ar., E.), with κροτάλια n. pl. `(clappering) ear-rings' (pap.), NGr. κροταλίας, - ίτης `clappersnake?' (Redard Les noms grecs en - της 83), κροταλίζω `clapper' (A 160, Hdt. usw.) with - ίστρια, - ιστρίς `castanetteplayer' (pap.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: On κρόταφος, - φίς s. v. As soundverb compare κροτέω with κομπέω, κοναβέω, δουπέω, βρομέω, partly denomin., partly intensive deverbatives (see s. vv. and Schwyzer 726 w. n. 5). The earlier and more often attestations of κροτέω compared with κρότος speak for the priority of the verb. - The only usable comparison gives a German. verb with inner (orig. only presential?) nasalising, OE hrindan, hrand, OWNo. hrinda, hratt `push' (IE * kre-n-t-? Pok. 621); the analysis rests only on the comparison with κροτ-, and must prob. be rejected. - Wrong connections in Bq s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,26Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρότος
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16 λήκυθος
Grammatical information: f. (on the gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 34 n. 2)Meaning: `oil-, parfumbottle with handle' (Od.), also metaph. rhetorical bombast' (Cic., Plin.; = Lat. ampulla).Dialectal forms: Epid. λάκυθος (IVa)Compounds: Few compp., e.g. αὑτο-λήκυθος `who carries (for poverty) his own oilcasket' = `poor man, beggar' (Att.).Derivatives: Diminutivum ληκύθιον (Att.), ληκυθιάδες ἐνώτια ποιά (H.), ληκυτίαι pl. = λήκυθοι (pap.). - Denomin. verb ληκυθίζω `give a dump, hollow sound (as from a bottle with a small neck), speak deep in the throat' (Call., Str., Phryn., Poll.) with ληκυθ-ιστής `who recited with hollow voice, κοιλόφωνος'(S. Fr. 1063, H.), - ισμός `hollow, dump speaking' (Plu.); also as backformation λήκυθος τὸ μεταξὺ τοῦ λαυκανίου καὶ αὑχένος ἠχῶδες (Clearch.); cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 35 n. 12, Bill ClassPhil. 36, 46ff.; extensive Quincey Class Quart. 43, 32ff. with diff. interpretation and discussion.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Cultural word (cf. Schwyzer 61, Hermann Glotta 13, 152); also GN Λήκυθος (Macedonia). Wrong IE etymologies in Bq and v. Blumenthal Gnomon 10, 526. Connection with OCS lakъtь, Russ. lákotь `pot' is doubtful, s. Vasmer Wb. s. v. (see Machek Studia in hon. Acad. d. Dečev 50). On λήκυθος in gen. L. J. Elferink, Lekythos. Archäologische, sprachliche und religionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen. Amsterdam 1934 (in linguistical aspects contestable). - Fur. 121 connects λάγῡνος, λάγιον `beaker, vase'.Page in Frisk: 2,116Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λήκυθος
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17 μέροπες
Grammatical information: pl.Meaning: adjunct of ἄνθρωποι (Hom.), βροτοί (Β 285), after these of λαοί (A. Supp. 90 [lyr.]) and, as subst., = ἄνθρωποι (trag., hell. a. late poets); also = οἱ ἄφρονες ὑπὸ Εὑβοέων ( Gloss. Oxy. 1802, 48). Further as peoplesname (Pi.) und as name of a bird (Arist., Plu.); cf. below.Compounds: μεροπο-σπόρος `procreating men' (Man.).Derivatives: μεροπήϊος `human' (Man., Opp.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Meaning, and so origin unknown. Several hypotheses, with diff. IE connections: `who has a thinking aspect' (to μέρμερος a. cogn.; Bechtel Lex. s.v.); `who has the appearance of a mortal' (to βροτός, morior etc.; Bréal MSL 13, 105); `who looks on death' (Runes IF 52, 216f.); `with luminous face' (to μαρμαίρω, Lat. merus; Tucker Class Quart. 16, 102, Ribezzo RIGI 11,238); `with brilliant eyes' (Carnoy, Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 7, 121; thus in the name of the constellation Μερόπη, on which Scherer 123 [rhime beside Άστερόπη], and in Μέροψ); `der Geifer' = `robber'. resp. `who understands' (to μάρπτω; Fick KZ 20, 172); speaking `articulated' (" διὰ τὸ μεμερισμένην ἔχειν την ὄπα, ἤγουν την φωνήν" H.). Still diff. Chantraine Mél. Cumont 121ff.: code for γηγενής `earthborn' after the bird μέροψ `bee-eater', who puts his eggs in holes in the earth; against this Leumann Hom. Wörter 214 n. 8; s. also BSL p. XIV (discussionreport). The bird was rather called after the Μέροπες who live in holes of the earth on Kos. -- On the animal- and peoples-names in - οψ (- ωψ) like δρύοψ, Δρύοπες, πάρνοψ, Δόλοπες etc. Schwyzer 426 w. n. 4, Chantraine Form. 259. Koller, Glotta 46(1968)14-26 who starts from hAp. 4 with the formula πόλις μερόπων ἀνθώπων, said of Kos; it would have meant `a city of mortal men'. Further Ramat, Acad. Toscana La Colombaria 1960, 131 - 157, and Riv. fil. cl.1962, 150. Cf. ἀέροψ; the relation between this word and Μέροψ is unclear (Fur. 246). - As the suffix is probably non-IE., so will be the whole word; i.e. prob. Pre-GreekPage in Frisk: 2,211-212Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέροπες
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18 μῑκρός
μῑκρόςGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `small, short, little'; on the meaning and use (beside ὀλίγος) in poetry Moorhouse Class. Quart. 41, 31 ff. (E 801, γ 296, Trag., Att.);Other forms: also σμικρός (P 757, Hes. Op. 361, Ion., trag., Att.), μικκός (Dor. Boeot.), μικός (Att. inscr. IVa, Trag. Adesp. 31, pap.).Compounds: Very often as 1. member, esp. in scient. and techn. language.Derivatives: Diminut. and hypocor.: μικύλος (Mosch. 1, 13); μικύ-θινον τὸ μικρόν καὶ νήπιον H.; *μικκιχος (cf. ὁσσίχος a.o. Chantraine Form. 404) in Lac. μικκιχιδδόμενος `under age' (inscr.; from *μικκιχίζομαι; cf. Schwyzer 331); cf. also the PN below. Abstract: ( σ)μικρότης f. `trigle, insignificance' (Anaxag., Pl.). Denomin.: ( σ)μικρύνω, also with prefix, esp. κατα-, `diminish, reduce, degrade' (Demetr. Eloc., LXX); κατασμικρίζω `id.' (Arist., Phld.), σμικρίζεσθαι διαττᾶσθαι H.; ἀποσμικρόω `id.' (Tim. Lex.). -- PN, e.g. Σμικρίνης m. "niggard" (Men.; as Αἰσχίνης etc.), Μίκων, Μικίων, Μίκυθος, - ίων, Σμικυθίων (Leumann Hom. Wörter 155 A. 129, Schulze Kl. Schr. 671).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On σμικρος (older) and μικρός with unexplained initial change Schwyzer 310f.; the ρ-suffix may come from the opposite μακρός (cf. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 160); diff. Bloomfield Lang. 1, 94: μικ-ρό-ς: μικ-υ-θός old ro: u-variation[improbable, s. below]. Through expressive gemination arose μικκός, and to this, with normal simplification of the κ, μικός. -- Without agreement outside Greek. One can compare on the one hand Lat. mīca `crumb, corn, a little' (might stand for * smīk-ā), on the other hand Germ. words for `small' with IE ē-vowel, e.g. OHG smāhi `small, little, low' with smāhen `reduce', NHG schmähen; one might bring together these forms under IE smē[i]k-: smīk-. Further there are adj. for `graceful, elegant' with IE g, e.g. OE smicre `elegant, nice', Lith. su-smìžęs `small, crippled'. The varying form is with a word of this meaning not surprising; on the symbolic character of the i (against α in μακρός) Sieberer Sprache 2, 118 n. 73 (p. 119).-- The connection with the comparativ μείων, with the κ taken from the opposite μακρός (Seiler Steigerungsformen 115), fails because of the clearly older σμικρός, which cannot be combined with μείων (to Skt. minā́ti `reduce' etc.). -- More material WP. 2, 685f., Pok. 966f., W.-Hofmann s. mīca. - The varying initial points rather to a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,236-237Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μῑκρός
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19 νέμω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `deal out, dispense, distribute (among themselves, possess, inhabit, manage, pasture, consume, devour'.Other forms: - ομαι, aor. νεῖμαι (Il.), - ασθαι, pass. νεμηθῆναι, fut. νεμῶ, - οῦμαι (Ion. - έομαι, late - ήσω, - ήσομαι), perf. νενέμηκα,- ημαι (Att. etc.).Derivatives: Several derivv: A. νομή f. `pasture', metaph. `spreading', e.g. of an ulcer, `distribution' (IA.), `possession, possessio' (hell.). With ἐπι-, προ-νομή etc. from ἐπι-, προ-νέμειν, - εσθαι etc. Also νομός m. `*place of) pasture' (Il.), `habitation' (Pi., Hdt., S.), `province' (Hdt., D. S., Str.). From νομή or νομός (not always with certainty to be distinguished): 1. νομάς, - άδος `roaming the pasture', subst. pl. `pastoral people, nomads' (IA.), as PN `Numidians' (Plb.); from this νομαδ-ικός `roaming, belonging to pastoral peoples, Numidian' (Arist.), - ίτης `id.' (Suid.), - ίαι f. pl. `pasture' with - ιαῖος (Peripl. M. Rubr.). -- 2. νομεύς m. `herdsman' (II.), also `distributor' (Pl.), pl. `ribs of a ship' (Hdt.); from this (or from νομός?) νομεύω `pasture' (Il.) with νόμευ-μα n. `herd' (A.), - τικός `belonging to pasturage' (Pl.; Chantraine Études 135 u. 137); διανομ-εύς (: διανομή), προνομ-εύω (: προ-νομή) etc. -- 3. νόμιος `regarding the pasture', also as adjunct of several gods (Pi., Ar., Call.); cf. on νόμος; νομαῖος `id.' (Nic., Call.); νομώδης `spreading', of an ulcer (medic.). -- 4. νομάζω, - ομαι `pasture' (Nic.). -- B. νόμος m. `custom, usage, law, composition' (since Hes.) with several compp., e.g. Ἔννομος PN (Il.), εὔ-νομος `with good laws' (Pi.) with εὑνομ-ίη, - ία `good laws' (since ρ 487; on the meaning Andrewes Class Quart. 32, 89 ff.). From νόμος: 1. adj. νόμιμος `usual, lawful' (IA.; extens. Arbenz 72ff.) with νομιμότης f. (Iamb.); νομικός `regarding the laws, forensic, lawyer' (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 132); νόμαιος = νόμιμος (Ion. a. late); νόμιος `id.' (Locris; cf. on νομός). -- 2. Verb νομίζω, rarely w. prefix, e.g. συν-, κατα-, `use customarily, use to, recognize, believe' (IA., Dor.; Fournier Les verbes "dire" passim) with νόμισις f. `belief' (Th.), νόμισμα n. `use, recognized belief, (valid) coin' (IA.), - άτιον dimin. (Poll.); νομιστός `generally recognized' with νομιστεύομαι `be generally valid' (Plb.), also νομιτεύομαι `id., use' (hell. a. late inscr.; cf. θεμι(σ)-τεύω). -- C. νεμέτωρ, - ορος m. `dispensor (of justice), avenger' (A. Th. 485); νέμησις f., also ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι- etc. from ἀπο-νέμω etc., `distribution' (Is., Arist.); νεμ-ητής = νεμέτωρ (Poll.) with - ήτρια f. (inscr. Rom, IVp); uncertain Νεμήϊος surname of Zeus (Archyt. ap. Stob.); perh. for Νέμειος (from Νεμέα). On νέμεσις s. v. -- D. Deverbatives: νεμέθω, - ομαι `pasture' (Λ 635, Nic.); νωμάω, - ῆσαι also with ἐπι-, ἀμφι-, προσ-, `distribute, maintain, observe' (Il., Hdt.; Schwyzer 719, Risch Gnomon 24, 82) with νώμ-ησις (Pl. Cra. 41 1d), - ήτωρ `distributor, maintainer etc.' (Man., Nonn.).Etymology: The whole Greek system including ablauting νομή, νόμος, νομός is built on the present νέμω. The full grade νεμέ-τωρ, νέμε-σις, νέμη-σις a.o. follow wellknown patterns ( γενέ-τωρ γένε-σις u.a.; but these are disyllabic roots); an agreeing zero grade fails. There never existed a "disyllabic root" e.g. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 11). -- The widespread meanings of νέμω plus derivations provide a problem, which has hardly been definitely solved; Benveniste Noms d'agent 79 rightly stresses the idea of lawfull, regular, which characterizes the verb νέμω ("partager légalement, faire une attribution régulière"). Further lit.: E. Laroche Histoire de la racine nem- en grec ancien (Paris 1949; Études et Comm.VI); on νόμος esp. Stier Phil. 83, 224ff., Pohlenz Phil. 97, 135ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 260, Bolelli Stud. itfilcl. N.S.24, 110f.; on νομή, - ός Wilhelm Glotta 24, 133ff. (ἐν χειρῶν νομῳ̃, - αῖς). -- Of non-Greek words, that are interesting for the etymology, the Germanic verb for `take' agrees best to νέμω, Goth. niman etc.; further Latv. ńęmu, ńem̂t `take' (with secondary palatalisation of the anlaut). One might mention several nouns, which tell nothing for Greek: Av. nǝmah- n. `loan', Lat. numerus `number etc.', OIr. nem f. `gift' (cf. Gift: geben; also δόσις), Lith. nùoma f. `rent' (vowel as in νω-μάω). -- The with νέμω also formally identical verb Skt. námati `bow, bend' can only be combined with uncontrollable hypotheses. After Laroche (s. above) p. 263 νέμω would prop be. `faire le geste de se pencher en tendant la main'. -- Lit. and further details in WP. 2, 330f., Pok. 763 f., W.-Hofmann s. numerus and nummus (from νόμιμος?), also emō, Fraenkel Wb. s. núoma(s), and nãmas, Mayrhofer s. námati. Cf. also νέμος.Page in Frisk: 2, 302Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νέμω
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20 νόος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `mind, sense, intellect, reason, purpose' (Il.).Compounds: Very often as 2. member, e.g. εὔ-νοος, - νους `wellminded' with εὑνο-έω, - ίη, - ιᾰ etc. (IA.); also as 1. member, a.o. in the compounds νου-θετ-έω `put in mind, admonish' (after νομοθετ-έω: νομο-θέ-της: νόμον θεῖναι a.o.) with νουθέ-τησις, - τημα, - σία, - τεία a.o. (IA.); νουν-εχ-ής `prudent', adv. νουνεχ-ῶς, - όντως (: νοῦν ἔχει, ἔχων, Schwyzer 452).Derivatives: Nouns: 1. νοερός `mindful, intellectual' (Heraclit., Arist.); 2. νοήρης `prudent, capable' (Herod., H.); 3. νοότης, - ητος f. `intellectuality' (Procl.); 4. νόαρ n. `illusion, phantom' (Theognost.; archaising innovation). -- Verbs: A. νοέω, aor. νοῆσαι (contr. νῶσαι) etc., very often with prefix (partly hypostasis with νοῦς) in diff. meanings, e.g. δια-, ἐν-, ἐπι-, προ-, μετα-, συν-, `meditate, observe, think, devise, have in mind' (Il.); from this 1. νόη-μα n. `thought, intelligence, decision' (Il.) with - μάτιον (Arr.), - ματικός (sp.). - μων `thoughtful, prudent' (Od., Hdt.); 2. νόη-σις ( νῶσις) f. `oberving, understand, thinking', also διανόη-σις etc. (IA.); 3. προ-, δια-νοία, - νοιᾰ f. etc. `care' resp. `meditating, thought, intention' (IA.); 4. νοη-τικός ( προ- u.a.) `mindful' (Pl.); 5. προ-, δια-, ἐπι-, ὑπο-νοητής m. `director' etc. (late). -- B. νόομαι `be changed into νόος' (Plot. u.a.). --Lit. on νοῦς etc: Schottländer Herm. 64, 228ff., Marg Charakter 44 ff. (use in Hom.), Kurt v. Fritz ClassPhil. 38, 79ff. (in Hom.), 40, 223ff., 41, 12ff. (with the Presocratics); also McKenzie Class Quart. 17, 195 f. and Magmen REGr. 40, 117ff. (both doubted by Kretschmer Glotta 14, 229 resp. by Wahrmann ibd. 19, 214 f. resp. rejected); Porzig Satzinhalte 185 ff. ( νοῦς and νόημα in the Epos).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No doubt an old inherited verbal noun (cf. λόγος, φόρος a.o.), though there is no certain connection. The old connection with Germ., e.g. Goth. snutrs `wise, prudent' (L. Meyer KZ 5, 368), which is possible, is taken up again by Schwyzer Festschr. Kretschmer 247 ff. and further worked out assuming a basic meaning `sense of detection' of supp. * snu- `browse', which would also be found in νυός, Lat. nurus `daughter-in-law' and nūbō `marry' (referring to the browse-kiss (sniffer-?), a form of the kiss of relatives), an hypothesis, which goes far beyond what can be proven. -- Diff., not preferable, Prellwitz s.v.: to νεύω as "nod thoughtfully", to which acc. to Brugmann IF 19, 213 f., 30, 371 ff. also πινυτός `prudent' (but see s.v.) and Cret. νύναμαι = δύναμαι (s.v.). To be rejected Kieckers IF 23, 362ff. (to νέω `swim'), McKenzie (s. above; = Skt. náya- m. `guidance' from náyati `lead'); s. also W.-Hofmann s. sentiō.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νόος
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